Caffeine consumption This chapter provides details about the production, trade, and consumption of caffeine, which is probably the world’s most widely used drug. The focus is on caffeine derived from coffee, which accounts for about 54% of all caffeine use, because other chapters in the volume give details of tea and cocoa consumption. Tea accounts…
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Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in intensive care unit patients Objective: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of amikacin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to analyse whether these patients show different kinetic behaviour on the basis of their clinical diagnoses. Method: The patient population comprised 104 medical ICU patients on amikacin treatment for several presumed…
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Ovarian cancer: Epidemiology, biology, and prognostic factors Ovarian cancer varies widely in frequency among different geographic regions and ethnic groups, with a high incidence in Northern Europe and the United States, and a low incidence in Japan. The majority of cases are sporadic, and only 5% to 10% of ovarian cancers are familial. The etiology…
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The anti-arthritic effect of oral administration of ethanolic extract of leaf and seed of Elaeocarpus serratus was evaluated using Freund’s adjuvant arthritis model in Wistar rats. The acute toxicity studies were carried out according to the OECD, 423 guidelines. Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.1ml of 1% Freund’s complete adjuvant into the subplantar region in…
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Glaucoma and corneal neovascularization which is the world leading eye disease could be given new treatment options by use of tiny microneedles which are small enough to an unaided eye. One of the leading causes of blindness is glaucoma, which happens when untreated and corneal neovascularization, causes an additional growth of blood vessels that damage…
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Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) a dominant invasive weed from Ganeshkhind area has affected the phytodiversity of Pune University campus (M.S., India). Its leaf leachates inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in test crops like tomato and brinjal at all the concentrations indicating their phytotoxic nature. However maximum inhibition was recorded at higher concentrations (17.5–20%…
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Introduction: Genu valgum could be approached by uniplanar or biplanar osteotomy in which site union and postoperative knee range of motion play important roles in technique selection. Methods: Study was performed on 30 cases including 14 males and 16 females. Two of them had severe genu varum deformity and 28 had genu valgum. Participants underwent…
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Atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis is key factor inplaque instability and vulnerability, and low concentrations of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)promote the in vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells and play an important role inplaque angiogenesis. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Radix Paeoniae Rubra herb pair in Chinese medicine obtainsthe optimum therapeutic efficacy in atherosclerosis, and their major active…
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